![]() Thematic analysis can be used to explore questions about participants' lived experiences, perspectives, behaviour and practices, the factors and social processes that influence and shape particular phenomena, the explicit and implicit norms and 'rules' governing particular practices, as well as the social construction of meaning and the representation of social objects in particular texts and contexts. One of the hallmarks of thematic analysis is its flexibility - flexibility with regards to framing theory, research questions and research design. In some thematic analysis approaches coding follows theme development and is a deductive process of allocating data to pre-identified themes (this approach is common in coding reliability and code book approaches), in other approaches - notably Braun and Clarke's reflexive approach - coding precedes theme development and themes are built from codes. Coding is the primary process for developing themes by identifying items of analytic interest in the data and tagging these with a coding label. Thematic analysis goes beyond simply counting phrases or words in a text (as in content analysis) and explores explicit and implicit meanings within the data. This method can emphasize both organization and rich description of the data set and theoretically informed interpretation of meaning. Thematic analysis is used in qualitative research and focuses on examining themes or patterns of meaning within data. ![]() The popularity of this paper exemplifies the growing interest in thematic analysis as a distinct method (although some have questioned whether it is a distinct method or simply a generic set of analytic procedures ). Their 2006 paper has over 120,000 Google Scholar citations and according to Google Scholar is the most cited academic paper published in 2006. They describe their own widely used approach first outlined in 2006 in the journal Qualitative Research in Psychology as reflexive thematic analysis. Leading thematic analysis proponents, psychologists Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke distinguish between three main types of thematic analysis: coding reliability approaches (examples include the approaches developed by Richard Boyatzis and Greg Guest and colleagues ), code book approaches (these includes approaches like framework analysis, template analysis and matrix analysis ) and reflexive approaches. Different versions of thematic analysis are underpinned by different philosophical and conceptual assumptions and are divergent in terms of procedure. Thematic analysis is best thought of as an umbrella term for a variety of different approaches, rather than a singular method. Thematic analysis is often understood as a method or technique in contrast to most other qualitative analytic approaches - such as grounded theory, discourse analysis, narrative analysis and interpretative phenomenological analysis - which can be described as methodologies or theoretically informed frameworks for research (they specify guiding theory, appropriate research questions and methods of data collection, as well as procedures for conducting analysis). It emphasizes identifying, analysing and interpreting patterns of meaning (or "themes") within qualitative data. ![]() My answer assumed a sort of thematic analysis.Thematic analysis is one of the most common forms of analysis within qualitative research. Your list of themes and sub themes is your codebook.Įdit: THIS DEPENDS ON THE KIND OF ANALYSIS YOU ARE DOING. Once you have identified a list of codes, you then read your transcripts and assign quotes from the transcripts to one or more of your codes, as appropriate to the content inside the quotes. Some have positive opinions about the senator's economy work-so you now add "Economy: Positive Feedback" as a new code underneath "Economy." Others, however, have negative feedback-"Economy: Negative Feedback." Some are worried about job losses-"Economy: Jobs." And so on and so on until you have a few "codes" underneath each of your three major themes. But you aren't done-there are a lot of different ways your interviewees are talking about those three larger themes. You plot each of these three large themes into your codebook. You randomly select 100 people and do a structured interview with all of them, which you record and transcribe.Īfter transcription, you notice a number of recurrent themes popping up-the economy, healthcare, and protection of abortion rights. Let's assume you are doing a qualitative analysis assessing people's opinions of their local senator. ![]()
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